~Present tense is simple form which used to express situation going into effet in this time.Sike Rabbit,everyday fack or natural phenomenon.
~Indikator:
-Using Simple Present Tense in positive,negative,and interrogative sentences.
-Using Simple Present Tense in verbal and non verbal sentences.
-Using Simple Present Tense in making recipes or procedures
~The Simple Present is used:
To express habbits,general truths,repeitted action or Unchangings Situations,emotions and wisher:
He smart[habbit];I work in
~Example:General truth
Sunset always in west
Some gires like pink colour
~Verbal Sentence Affirmative form S+ Vone [-s/-es]+object
Example:They have bums the trash.
~Negative form S+do/does+not+Vone+object?
Example:-he doesn’t leave classroom.
We don’t know about the back.
~Interrogative form do/does+
Example:Does she forget about her homework?
-Yes,she does
-No,she doesn’t
:Do I feed my pet?
-Yes,I do
-No,I don’t
Adverb of time:
-Always -Often -Sometimes
-Never -Seldom
-Every -Usually
~Formula for present tense is
[
Example:He is a Superman
:She is a Wonderwoman
[
Example:-I am a Policeman
-Hariza [he] is clever
Kalimat[menggunakan kata kerja]
Example:[+]I usually wake up at five in the morning.
[-]They don’t loke coffe
[?]Do you study english at School?
Simple:Past Tense
~Simple past tense used to showing phenomenonwhich mention Intelligibly.
Adveb of time:
-Yesterday -Long ago
-Last week/month/year -This moring
-Year ago
Example:
-They wrote the letter Yesterday
-She didn’t went to work a week ago
-Did you called her last night?
Yes,I did
No,didn’t.
Verbal form[To Do]
[
Example:-I am ate breads yesterday
-They are Ran in field last weak.
~Regular Verb[kata kerja beraturan]
Kata kerja ini di buat dengan cara menambahkan D/Ed pada Verb[VerbOne+D/Ed]
~Bentuk Nominal[ToBe]
I/He/She/Subject+ToBe[was]+Complement
We/They/You+ToBe[were]+Complement
>Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf ``e’’hanya ditambah ``d’’
Example:Love-Loved Like-Liked
>Kata kerja yang terdiri dari satu suku kata dengan pola KVK[Konsonan Vokal Konsonan]dimana vokal tersebut dibaca pendek ,konsonan terakhir ditulis rangkap kemudian ditambah``ed’’
Example:Trap-Trapped Clap-Clapped
>Kata kerja yang terdiri dari dua suku kata dimana suku kata kedua berpola KVK yang dibaca dengan tekanan,Konsonan terakhir ditulis rangkap kemudian ditambah``ed’’
Example:Submit-Submitted Transfer-Transferred
>Kata kerja yang terdiri dari dua suku kata yang berakhiran dengan huruf ``I’’,maka huruf ``I’’ ditulis rangkap kemudian ditambah dengan ``ed’’.
Example:Cancel-Cancelled Travel-Travelled
~Namun,apabila suku kata terakhir dibaca panjang maka hanya perlu ditambah dengan ``ed’’,huruf ``L’’ tidak perlu ditulis rangkap.
Example:Reveal-Revealed Conceal-Concealed
>Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan ``y’’ yang didahului dengan konsonan,maka huruf ``y’’ diubah menjadi ``I’’ kemudian ditambah dengan ``ed’’
Example:Study-Studied Carry-Carried
~Irregular Verbs[kata kerja tak beraturan]
Kata kerja tidak beraturan harus dikuasai dengan cara melihat kamus/daftar kata kerja tak beraturan .
Example:
| Verbone | Verbtwo | Verbthree |
| Go | Went | Gone |
| Read | Read | Read |
| Write | Wrote | Written |
| Send | Send | Send |
| Be | Was,Were | Been |
| Tell | Told | Told |
Pada kalimat negatif dan kalimat interrogatif.Verbtwo ini tidak dipakai lagi dan menggunakan kata kerja bantu[AWX verb] yaitu DID dan kata kerja–kata kerja bentuk pertama yaitu Verbone jadi Verbone hanya dipakai pada kalimat Positif.
Example:[+] I wrute a letter yesterday
[-] I didn’t write a letter yesterday
[?] Did I write a letter yesterday?
Yes,I did
No,I didn’t
Past Perfect Tense
Formula of past perfect tense
~Bentuk Nominal [ToBe]
I/You/We/They/He/She/It+Had+Been+Complement
~Kalimat Verbal
I/You/We/They/He/She/It+Had+Verbthree+Object
Penggunaan
~Digunakan sebagai ekuivalen present perfect tense dalam bentuk lampau’
Present perfect tense
I am not hungry.I have just had lunch
Past perfect tense
That time, I was not hungry. I had just had linch
~Digunakan untuk menggantikan simple past tense apabila digunakan untuk mengacu/menunjukan peristiwa/perbuatan pada masa lampau yang rejadi dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Example:When he was young,He had been a businessman and He liked talking about those days.
~Digunakan sebagai anak kalimat[Subclause] dalam kalimat pengandaian [conditional sentence] tipe tiga,sedangkan induk kalimat [main clause] berada dalam bentuk present future perfect tense.
She would have sent the goods if he paid the bilt.
~Digunakan untuk menggantikan kalimat langsung [direct speech] dalam bentuk Present perfect tense dan Simple past tense menjadi kalimat tidak langsung [indirect speech]
Direct speech:
He told me,I have written the contacs.
Indirect speech:
He told me that he had written the contracts
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is used for describling a past actions effect on the present.This holds true for events that have just been secende as well as for events that have not yet occurred
Example:
Present perfect is formad by combining have/has with the main Verbfive past participle form:
=>He has arrived
A negatif is produced by inserting not after have/has:
=>You haven’t arrived
Question in present perfect are formulated by starting a stence with have/has:
Have you arrived?
Giving Instruction
Giving intruction is an expression that is used order that other person does what we instruct or request.
The example expression of giving instruction:
Close your book[tanda seru]
Please,don’t touch me[tanda seru]
Hit me[tanda seru]
Read the book for me,please[tanda seru]
After watching TV,please turn of[tanda seru]
Open the garage,please[tanda seru]
Note:Tenses which used to giving instruction is``Simple Present Tense”
Recount Text
Recount text is used to retell event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.
The recoun text begins with:
~Orientation
~Events
~Re-orientation
+If you retell a story or some events,use simple past tense
+When someone rells you a story or some events,give your response.Show your attention by saying:right…,I see…,uh-huh…
This text is a recount text.Its focus is on a sequance of event.
A recoun begins with an Orientation.It gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was invalved,where it happened,and when it happened.Then,the recount unfolds with a series of events[ordered in a cronological sequence].At various stages,there may be some personal comment on the incident.we call it re-orientation.
Contoh Teks Recount:
CLASS PICNIC
Last Friday our school went to Centennial Park for a picnic
First our teachers marked the rolls and the we got on the buses. On the buses, everyone was chatting and eating. When we arrived at the park, some students played cricket, some played cards but others went for a walk with the teachers. At lunchtime, we sat together and had our picnic. Finally, at two o'clock we left for school.
We had a great day.
ANNOUNCEMENT
Announcement is something said,written,or printed to make known what has happened or what will happen.
In writing an announcement,keep the following paint:
-the title/type of event
-date/time
-place
-contact person
We can find the announcement on television,radio,newspaper,billboard,megazine,etc.
Happines expression
Happines expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.
Example of happines expression:
-I am happy
-I am very pleased
-great
-terrific
-fantastic
Procedure text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is archieved through a sequence of action or step.its explain how people perform different processes in a sequence of step.this text used simole present tense,often imperative sentence.it also uses temporal conjunction such as first,second,then,next finally,etc.
The generic structure of procedure text are:
-goal/aim or title
-material
-steps
Example:
How to make kite
Butcher cord
Scotch tape or glue
1 Sheet of strong paper
2 Strong, straight wooden sticks of bamboo
Markers, paint or crayons
After the materials have been prepared, the directions bellow is easy instruction on how to make a kite:
1. Make a cross with the two sticks, with the shorter stick placed horizontally across the longer stick.
2. Tie the two sticks together with the string in such a way as to make sure that they are at right angles to each other.
3. Cut a notch at each end of the sticks. Make it deep enough for the type of string you are using to fit in to. Cut a piece of string long enough to stretch all around the kite frame.
4. Lay the sail material flat and place the stick frame face down on top. Cut around it, leaving about 2-3cm for a margin. Fold these edges over and glue it down so that the material is tight.
5. Make a tail by tying a small ribbon roughly every 10cm along the length of string.
6. Decorate your kite with the markers!
Invitation
Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do somethings.
To invite someone:
-I would like you to…….
-we would be pleased if you could….
-shall we….?
-how about…?
To accept an invitation:
-thank you.yes,I would like to…..
-yes I would.thanks
-that would be very nice.thank you
-all right
-o.k
To refuse/decline an invitation:
-I would love to,but….
-yes that’s nice.however….
-that’s very kind of you,but…..
-sorry,that’s wouldn’t be possible.thank you anyway.
Sympaty expression
If you retell sympaty expression you must express your sympathy when you know that other have experienced something bad/terrible.
What would tou say to express sympathy
-I am sorry to hear that .
-I am awfully sorry about ….
-how terrible for you
-oh,dear.
-you must be very upset
-oh what a shame
Gaining attention
Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to want to.
Example:
-attention please
-can I have your attention,please?
-excuse me
-look here
-Listen to me,please
-silence,please
Greetings
One].How do you greet other people?
-Good -Morning
-Afternoon
-Evening
-Night
-How -Are you
-Are you getting along?
-Are you doing?
Two].How do you answer the greetings?
Ex:A:How are you today?
B:I am fine thank,and you?
A:I am fine
Three].How do you introduce your self?
-Hello friend,My name is Hariza Wicaksono
-Okay,let me introduce my self,my name is Riza
-Hi,I am Hairul Dharma Widagdo you can call me Dagdo
Four].How do you introduce your people?
Ex:Excuse me,can I introduce my friend.
His name is Raymon
Five].How do you close or end your conversation?
-Well -I should be going now,See you later
-I must be off now.I will talk to you later
Advertisment
A.Definition
Advertising is a comunication whose purpuse is to inform potential costumer about product and services and how to obtain and use them.Many advertisiment are also designed to generate increased consumtin of those product and services throught the creation and the rainforcement of brand image and brand royalty.for these purposes advertisment often contain both factual information and persuasive massages.every major medium is used to deliver this massages,including:television,radio,movies,megazines,newspaper,video game,internet,bilboard,and etc.advertisment is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of company.
-in short advertisment is information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offerder or informed.
B.functions
Function :-promotion
-comunication
-information
C.in making an advertisment keep the followings points
-lenguage of advertisment :
+using the suitable words
+using the intersesting and sugestive expression
+using positive expression.
+text of advertisment should be directed to the goals.
-content of advertisment :
+objective
+brief and clear
+not allude group or other producer
D.advertisment have two meaning :
.advertisment is acomercial colicitation,designed to sell some comodity,service or familiar.
.advertisment is a public notice.
Autobiografy
A.definition
An autobiografy is a book about life of person,writen by that person.
B.version of auto biografy
-diary
-as critiques of totally tarianism
-sensationalist and and celebrity autobiograpies
-fake autopbiograpies
-fictional autobiograpies
Analyze character
To obtain a well-rounded concept of character personality,analyze both his internal and external qualities.
A.Intenal Aspect
One.Background
Two.Metal Characteristic
Three.Spritiual/moral qualities
Four.Emotional character
B.External Aspect
One.Posture
Two.Movement and Gesture
Three.Mannerisms
Four.Motivating Desires
Listening:Make me a copy
Description:
It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student.
Goal:
Student will understand to need to be articulate when comunicating.
Objectives:
Satu.The studentwill use desctriptive explication to guide another student in compieting the task
Dua.The student will explain to importance of being articulate and the fiustration when direction are unclear
Background information:
This activity wiel reach student to explain what they see and guide another student in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.
Concept:
Satu.Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing.
Two.Follow direction as closely as possible
Three.Communicate with follow student to accomplish the given task.
Material:
-Paper,Crayon,Overhead Projector or large visual.
Speaking:Speech
Speaking Clearly With Confidance
Having to speak in front of a group scares most people[and believe me,I know].It might he a wedding,a classroom,a reading in church or even reading a story to a group of children.
Publik speaking covers a huge range of events.
+A businnesman giving a businnes presentation
+A first aider demonstrating first aid skills
+A spons coach giving a group session
+The best man or maid of honor speaking at a wedding reception
+A teacher standing in front of a class of children.
On the following pages you will find out:
+How to talk so thou you can be heard-anywhere
+How to appear confident even if you are nerveous
+How to enjoy yourself really
Present Future Tense
A.Definition
Used untuk menyarakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan terjadi atau akan dilakukan pada waktu tertentu pada masa yang akan datang.
B.Formula
+Bentuk nominal [tobe]
He/She/It/They/You+Will+be+complement
I/We +Shall+Be+complement
+bentuk verbal[todo]
He/She/It/They/You+Will+verbone+O/adverb
I/We +shall+verbone+O/adverb
C.Using
a.using will
ex:positive
-Our uncle will visit us next Sunday
-They will come there if you invite them
-If you come late,we will go there without you.
Ex:Negatif
-She won’t go there without him
-We won’t meet him again
Ex:Interrogative
-Will you come to my house to night?
-Will you please post the letter for me?
-Will you have some more coffe
b.Using shall
ex:
-You shall do as I told you
-Shall we hwlp you plant those flowers?
Shald=I,We
Will=All
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