The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.
Ways to say it :
* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Ardi?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Rio?
* Would you care some salad?
Ofering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself
Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
Declining an offering :
* No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering :
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice
Minggu, 28 Februari 2010
ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT
I wonder if you remember….
v You remember….,don’t you?
v You haven’t,forgotten…,have you?
v Don’t you remember…?
Ways to respond :
v Let me think.Yes, I remember.
v I remember especially the scenery.
v I’ll never forget that.
v I’ll always remember.
Informal Expressions :
v Remember the old house we used to live in?
v Remember that?
Ways to respond :
v Hold on. Yes, got it!
v I know….
Response if you forget :
· Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
· I’m afraid I forget.
· I really can’t remember.
· I’m afraid I have no memory of him.
· Err. Let me think. No, it’s gone.
· Sorry, it slipped off my mind
v You remember….,don’t you?
v You haven’t,forgotten…,have you?
v Don’t you remember…?
Ways to respond :
v Let me think.Yes, I remember.
v I remember especially the scenery.
v I’ll never forget that.
v I’ll always remember.
Informal Expressions :
v Remember the old house we used to live in?
v Remember that?
Ways to respond :
v Hold on. Yes, got it!
v I know….
Response if you forget :
· Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
· I’m afraid I forget.
· I really can’t remember.
· I’m afraid I have no memory of him.
· Err. Let me think. No, it’s gone.
· Sorry, it slipped off my mind
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the subject receives the action of a transitive verb, and passive refers more generally to verb using this construction and the passages in which they are used.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voices note the following:
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + pas participate)
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent
In a passive clause, we usually we a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent-the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens
Example :
My Mother makes sandwich every morning
Subject + V1+ S/es + O + C(adv. Of time)
Sandwich is made by my mother every morning
Subject + to be + V3 agent C(adv. Of time)
Present Continuous :
S + to be + being + V3 (past participle)
Present Perfect :
S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
Present Continuous :
Active : A young boy is catching a butterfly
Passive : A butter fly is being caught by a young boy
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the subject receives the action of a transitive verb, and passive refers more generally to verb using this construction and the passages in which they are used.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voices note the following:
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + pas participate)
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent
In a passive clause, we usually we a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent-the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens
Example :
My Mother makes sandwich every morning
Subject + V1+ S/es + O + C(adv. Of time)
Sandwich is made by my mother every morning
Subject + to be + V3 agent C(adv. Of time)
Present Continuous :
S + to be + being + V3 (past participle)
Present Perfect :
S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
Present Continuous :
Active : A young boy is catching a butterfly
Passive : A butter fly is being caught by a young boy
PREPOSITION IN, ON, & AT
Prepositions : In, On, and At (with specific times and places)
The prepositions in, on, and at can be used to indicate time and place. Notice how they are used in the following situations:
Preposition
Time
Place
In
Year, Month,
In 1999, In December
Country, State, City
In Japan, In Utah, InTaipei
On
Day, Date
On Saturday, On May 1
Street
On Main Street, On 1st Ave.
At
Time
At 8:00, At 7:30
Address
At 815 East Main Street
In many languages, there is only one preposition for the above situations. In English there are three. Just remember that in usually indicates the “largest” time or place, and at usually indicates the “smallest” time or place.
Examples:
A: Where’s your office?
B: In Taipei, Taiwan.
A: Really? What part of Taipei?
B: It’s on Chung Shan North Road.
A: I know that area. Where exactly is it?
B: It’s at 105 Chung Shan North Road, next to the bookstore.
C: When is the wedding?
D: It’s in June.
C: What day?
D: It’s on Saturday, the 25th.
C: What time?
D: It starts at 6:00.
Prepositions with articles and locations
When talking about locations, use at to indicate the general vicinity or area, and in to indicate inside the building, enclosed area, etc. For example:
at the swimming pool (on site)
in the swimming pool (in the
pool itself i.e. in the water)
at the post office/bank (general)
in the post office/bank (inside the building)
at the zoo (visitors—general area)
in the zoo (animals in their cages)
at school
in the classroom
Sample sentences:
I met my wife at the theater. (while watching a movie)
I spilled my drink in the theater (on the floor of the building)
She works at the library on Wednesdays.
She found a rare coin in the library (building).
Dr. Jones works at the hospital every day.
John was in the hospital for a week with a broken leg.
For school, prison, and church, the is used to indicate the building. No article indicates the general situation. Note the following:
"practice"/situation
building
in school (studying, listening to teacher, etc.)
in the school (building)
in jail/prison (staying there as a criminal)
in the jail/prison (temporary)
in church (praying, listening to a sermon, etc.)
in the church (building)
Where’s Dad?
in church (attending services)
in the church (fixing the windows)
at church
at the church
in prison (He committed a crime.)
at the prison (visiting his friend)
Related Grammar Topics
* Adverbs and Prepositions
* Preposition Collocations with Be
* Prepositions
* Prepositions and Subordinators
* Prepositions and Time Words
* Prepositions of Location
* Verb and Preposition Collocations
Grammar Exercises
More Grammar Topics
* Grammar Index
I'd like some clarification of the usage of preposition 'to' and article 'the' in the following sentences.
1. Mother goes to the market.
2. Mother goes to market.
Which sentence is correct, the first or the second one? And if the first sentence is correct, why do we say, "She goes to church" or "She attends school" and not "She goes to the church" and "She attends the school"
The prepositions in, on, and at can be used to indicate time and place. Notice how they are used in the following situations:
Preposition
Time
Place
In
Year, Month,
In 1999, In December
Country, State, City
In Japan, In Utah, InTaipei
On
Day, Date
On Saturday, On May 1
Street
On Main Street, On 1st Ave.
At
Time
At 8:00, At 7:30
Address
At 815 East Main Street
In many languages, there is only one preposition for the above situations. In English there are three. Just remember that in usually indicates the “largest” time or place, and at usually indicates the “smallest” time or place.
Examples:
A: Where’s your office?
B: In Taipei, Taiwan.
A: Really? What part of Taipei?
B: It’s on Chung Shan North Road.
A: I know that area. Where exactly is it?
B: It’s at 105 Chung Shan North Road, next to the bookstore.
C: When is the wedding?
D: It’s in June.
C: What day?
D: It’s on Saturday, the 25th.
C: What time?
D: It starts at 6:00.
Prepositions with articles and locations
When talking about locations, use at to indicate the general vicinity or area, and in to indicate inside the building, enclosed area, etc. For example:
at the swimming pool (on site)
in the swimming pool (in the
pool itself i.e. in the water)
at the post office/bank (general)
in the post office/bank (inside the building)
at the zoo (visitors—general area)
in the zoo (animals in their cages)
at school
in the classroom
Sample sentences:
I met my wife at the theater. (while watching a movie)
I spilled my drink in the theater (on the floor of the building)
She works at the library on Wednesdays.
She found a rare coin in the library (building).
Dr. Jones works at the hospital every day.
John was in the hospital for a week with a broken leg.
For school, prison, and church, the is used to indicate the building. No article indicates the general situation. Note the following:
"practice"/situation
building
in school (studying, listening to teacher, etc.)
in the school (building)
in jail/prison (staying there as a criminal)
in the jail/prison (temporary)
in church (praying, listening to a sermon, etc.)
in the church (building)
Where’s Dad?
in church (attending services)
in the church (fixing the windows)
at church
at the church
in prison (He committed a crime.)
at the prison (visiting his friend)
Related Grammar Topics
* Adverbs and Prepositions
* Preposition Collocations with Be
* Prepositions
* Prepositions and Subordinators
* Prepositions and Time Words
* Prepositions of Location
* Verb and Preposition Collocations
Grammar Exercises
More Grammar Topics
* Grammar Index
I'd like some clarification of the usage of preposition 'to' and article 'the' in the following sentences.
1. Mother goes to the market.
2. Mother goes to market.
Which sentence is correct, the first or the second one? And if the first sentence is correct, why do we say, "She goes to church" or "She attends school" and not "She goes to the church" and "She attends the school"
Sabtu, 27 Februari 2010
introductory it
A To understand this lesson is easy.
B It is easy to understand this lesson.
In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.
Introductory “it” as a subject:
To watch musical programs is pleasant.
It is pleasant to watch musical program.
To play football must be fun.
It is fun to play football.
B It is easy to understand this lesson.
In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.
Introductory “it” as a subject:
To watch musical programs is pleasant.
It is pleasant to watch musical program.
To play football must be fun.
It is fun to play football.
finite verbs
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.
Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.
Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).
In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
* the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
* the imperative mood (giving a command).
* the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.
The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!
A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.
Verb forms that are not finite include:
* the infinitive
* participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
* gerunds and gerundives
In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.
By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.
English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The finite verbs are the underlined words.
The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.
Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.
Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).
In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
* the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
* the imperative mood (giving a command).
* the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.
The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!
A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.
Verb forms that are not finite include:
* the infinitive
* participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
* gerunds and gerundives
In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.
By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.
English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The finite verbs are the underlined words.
The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.
Langganan:
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